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Pathology 2 - Second Year BHMS

BACTERIAL STRUCTURE, GROWTH AND NUTRITION

  1. What is bacterial structure? Bacterial structure refers to the arrangement of various components within a bacterial cell, including the cell wall, cytoplasm, and other organelles.

  2. What are the morphological characteristics of bacteria? The morphological characteristics of bacteria include shape, size, and arrangement of cell components.

  3. How are bacteria classified based on shape? Bacteria are classified into four main groups based on their shape:

    • Cocci (spherical shape)
    • Bacilli (rod-shaped)
    • Spirilla (spiral-shaped)
    • Vibrio (comma-shaped)

  4. What is the detailed structure of the bacterial cell envelope? The bacterial cell envelope consists of two main layers: the peptidoglycan layer and the outer membrane.

  5. What are flagella? Flagella are whip-like structures that protrude from the bacterial cell and help in movement.

  6. What are the types of flagellar arrangement in a bacterial cell? There are two main types of flagellar arrangement:

    • Monotrichous (single flagellum)
    • Amphitrichous (two flagella, one at each end)

  7. What is the structure of bacterial spore? Bacterial spores are highly resistant, dormant structures that consist of a thick, impermeable coat and a highly compacted cell.

  8. What are the types of bacterial spores based on shape and position? Bacterial spores can be classified into three main types based on shape and position:

    • Endospore (located within the bacterial cell)
    • Exospore (located outside the bacterial cell)
    • Mesospore (located between the bacterial cell and the outer membrane)

  9. What is the bacterial growth curve? The bacterial growth curve is a graphical representation of the growth and death of a bacterial population over time.

  10. How are bacteria classified based on energy requirements? Bacteria are classified into two main groups based on energy requirements:

    • Phototrophs (obtain energy from light)
    • Chemotrophs (obtain energy from chemicals)

  11. How are bacteria classified based on oxygen requirements? Bacteria are classified into three main groups based on oxygen requirements:

    • Aerobes (require oxygen for growth)
    • Anaerobes (do not require oxygen for growth)
    • Facultative anaerobes (can grow with or without oxygen)

  12. How are bacteria classified based on temperature requirements? Bacteria are classified into two main groups based on temperature requirements:

    • Thermophiles (grow best at high temperatures)
    • Psychrophiles (grow best at low temperatures)